• This study does have several limitations mainly

  2024-08-19

  

  This study does have several limitations, mainly related to the DMSO vehicle. While DMSO is a known anti-inflammatory mediator,5, 12 it has been shown to upregulate ALOX5, which was not seen in this study (as we are likely underpowered to detect this difference). A manifestation of this anti-inflamm

• Introduction Chronic inflammation is increasingly

  2024-08-19

  

  Introduction Chronic inflammation is increasingly known as one of the most critical etiological factors in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers (Lee et al., 2016; Wang and Cho, 2015). Overexpression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 5-LOX-activating protein (FLAP), as well as other leukotriene (LT) biosynthetic

• The surprising finding of our study is that human

  2024-08-19

  

  The surprising finding of our study is that human M1 macrophages stimulated by LPS express ALOX15B to high levels. So far 12/15-lipoxygenase activity was only reported for IL-4 stimulated anti-phlogistic M2 macrophages [9] but not for the classically activated M1 macrophages. Our data suggest that s

• From an historical perspective ligands

  2024-08-19

  

  From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, histone demethylase or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous lig

• Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs which

  2024-08-19

  

  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which include aspirin and ibuprofen, target COX-2 activity to inhibit inflammation. It has been shown that daily use of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with reduced ER-positive breast cancer recurrence in obese and overweight women. More pr

• br The role of apelin in

  2024-08-19

  

  The role of apelin in hypertension diseases The role of apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases has been described in numerous studies (Table 2) [36,37]. It has been revealed that exogenous apelin may lower blood pressure. Tatemoto et al. [6] have discovered that different forms of

• br Conclusions Our study confirms that N

  2024-08-19

  

  Conclusions Our study confirms that N-terminal mutations can affect Aβ fibril and oligomer formation, despite lying outside the core amyloid region of Aβ. Of the three factors that may influence Aβ-mediated toxicity (primary structure of Aβ, assembly structure and cellular responses), our results

• Kim et al found that hydroxydopamine OHDA promoted

  2024-08-19

  

  Kim et al. (2013) found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) promoted the atrophy of dopaminergic neurons associated with the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), the translocation of apoptosis inductor factor (AIF) and the depletion of ATP. An increase in p-AMPK and pS6K (upstream kinase o

• When added to the culture medium extracellular

  2024-08-17

  

  When added to the culture medium, extracellular ATP is metabolized into adenosine by ectonucleotidases, and ARs are then activated by adenosine with concentrations in the micromolar range [27]. However, our study showed that activation of ARs by exogenous adenosine could not induce the odontoblastic

• br Actin at presynapses br Conclusion Thanks

  2024-08-17

  

  Actin at presynapses Conclusion Thanks to the recent discovery of rings, hotspots and trails, axonal rho kinase inhibitor is back in the spotlight. These are exiting times for neuronal cell biologists armed with constantly improving labeling and imaging techniques to observe, quantify and pert

• recombinant insulin br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgmen

  2024-08-17

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by research grant [PR26/20326] from Santander Bank/UCM. The authors would like to thank Miguel Capo, Professor of Toxicology from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, for his counseling during the preparation of the present work.

• Osteocytes the most abundant cells in an adult skeleton

  2024-08-17

  

  Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in an adult skeleton, are essentially mature osteoblasts that are surrounded by the products they secreted (Noble and Reeve, 2000). Osteocytes serve as mechanosensors that direct bone remodeling and that regulate the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (Bone

• The srd a isoforms showed unique

  2024-08-17

  

  The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role in

• Polyphenols like flavonoids have the potential to penetrate

  2024-08-17

  

  Polyphenols like flavonoids have the potential to penetrate into lipid bilayers which is vital for enabling protection against oxidation. Rosmarinic leonurine is a natural polyphenol antioxidant isolated from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides. Polyphenols can inhibit the propagation of lipid oxidation by t

• br Extracellular domain architecture The extracellular regio

  2024-08-17

  

  Extracellular domain architecture The extracellular region of GABAB receptor exists in a heterodimeric configuration regardless of interactions within the rest of the protein (Geng et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2004, Nomura et al., 2008). The extracellular domains of the GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits ar

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