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N terminally extended antigenic peptide
2023-01-16
N-terminally extended antigenic peptide precursors that survive cytosolic degradation and enter the ER, need to be further processed by ERAP1 and/or ERAP2, in order to acquire the right length required for MHCI binding. ERAP1 (ERAAP in mouse) is an IFN-γ-inducible, metalloaminopeptidase that trims N
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The AhR molecule is composed
2023-01-16
The AhR molecule is composed of multiple functional domains [38]. In the N-terminal end, the AhR contains bHLH domain which is involved in DNA binding, dimerization with ARNT and association with chaperone proteins. The PAS domain, which is situated next to the bHLH domain consists of two structural
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br Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs
2023-01-16
Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs New perspectives and next directions Similar to other androgens, DHT can modulate reproductive endpoints in both fish and amphibians. However, predicting the effects of DHT can be challenging, as reproductive homeostasis is dependent upon the balance
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In brief serotonin can interact with classes of receptors ar
2023-01-16
In brief, serotonin can interact with 7 classes of receptors are differentiated into 14 subtypes (Barnes and Sharp, 1999). Specifically, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors have been the most widely studied in the modulation of anxiety responses (Deakin et al., 1992; Millan, 2003). However, the studies that
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br Conclusion Growth survival and invasion
2023-01-16
Conclusion Growth, survival, and invasion of most PCs have been shown to be androgen-dependent at the onset of castration therapy [31]. Thus, castration therapy has been central to systemic therapy and remains the standard approach to PC treatment. Even after progression to a castration-resistant
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Tirapazamine The activity of an enzyme may be
2023-01-16
The activity of an enzyme may be regulated allosterically as well as transcriptionally. We have consistently studied REMS deprivation (REMSD) associated NA mediated allosteric regulation of Na-K ATPase activity in neurons and glia in vivo and in vitro (Amar and Mallick, 2015; Amar et al., 2016; Bask
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Introduction The MMR system keeps
2023-01-16
Introduction The MMR system keeps the fidelity of replication by repairing replication errors such as base-base mispairs and insertions/deletions. It plays a substantial role in restoring the fidelity of DNA and contributing to genome integrity [1]. The components of MMR are conserved in a broad ra
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In considering the roles of these enzymes in normal physiolo
2023-01-16
In considering the roles of these enzymes in normal physiology, given the importance of GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake and glucose-dependent fatty Tariquidar methanesulfonate, hydrate mg synthesis for systemic metabolic homeostasis (Herman and Kahn, 2006, Herman et al., 2012), deletion of Acly in a
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br Introduction In addition to ATP production an important
2023-01-16
Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric comt inhibitors cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites that stimulat
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Recent studies have demonstrated significant cross talk betw
2023-01-16
Recent studies have demonstrated significant cross-talk between XRCC1 (a key player in clofibrate excision repair (BER) and single strand break repair) and DDR [30], [31], [32]. ATM and DNA-PKcs are known to be involved in the phosphorylation of XRCC1 to promote BER [30], [31]. We have recently sho
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br Experimental procedures br Results br Discussion Although
2023-01-16
Experimental procedures Results Discussion Although previous studies have indicated that astrocyte aromatase plays a role in nociceptive processes (O'Brien et al., 2015, Smeester et al., 2016), the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of aromatase and its involvement in nociception re
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br Apelin The APJ receptor
2023-01-16
Apelin The APJ receptor ligand apelin firstly in 1998 was segregated from bovine stomach tissue. Human preproapelin gene located on chromosome Xq25–26.1. The apelin preproproteins consist of 77 amino Oxybutynin australia residues that are cleaved into biologically active C-terminal fragments of
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The objectives of this study were to investigate the
2023-01-16
The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the mRNA and protein expression of apelin and APJ in porcine ovarian follicles of different sizes, and their immunolocalization and concentrations in follicular fluid and ovarian follicle, and 2) the direct effect of recombinant human apelin-13 on
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Dopaminergic neurons are vulnerable to oxidative
2023-01-16
Dopaminergic neurons are vulnerable to oxidative products and inflammatory responses; these processes may play important roles in the etiology of PD. Because glial Rizatriptan Benzoate mg are the main generators of inflammatory responses in the CNS, the possibility that PD results from glial cell d
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HBC The androgen receptor gene AR is
2023-01-16
The androgen receptor gene (AR) is located on the X-chromosome and consists of eight exons in humans (Brown et al., 1989; Kuiper et al., 1989). The similar gene structure in mice, monotremes and marsupials indicates AR is highly conserved in mammals (Choong et al., 1998; Faber et al., 1991; He et al
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